Effects Of The 1996 Welfare Reform Essay - 1488 Words

The effects of the 1996 welfare reform bill helped declined caseloads on the social and economic well-being of fragile families, single mothers, and children. Although, the welfare reform was documented for making several positive changes such as reducing poverty rates, lowering the out of-wedlock childbearing, and formulated a better family structure, it is undeniable that poverty remained high among single mothers and their children. The reality of the matter was that most welfare recipients experienced serious barriers to maintain a stable employment due to their lack of skills, not having anyone available to take care of their young children when they leave for work as well as not gaining long-time employment with decent pay to help foster the family. As a result, most poor women and children were faced with the instability of economic and social future as welfare eligibility exhausted their efforts of supporting their families. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 ended America’s largest cash assistance program, which was the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). It was replaced with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which emphasized work, personal responsibility, economic self-sufficiency and strong families. This was created in an effort to help minimized the use of welfare by low income mothers. As a result, these low income mothers could no longer receive cash aid until further notice,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Hcr 230 Week 3 Assignment the Welfare Reform Act1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Welfare Reform Act HCR/230—Claims Prep II Jeana Timmcke University of Phoenix—Axia College The Welfare Reform Act Welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960s, and continues to be a controversial issue. During the late 1980s, citizens were calling for reform of the Welfare System. Due to citizen concern the Personal Responsibility, Welfare and Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) came into effectRead MoreWelfare Is A Government Program1111 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare is a government program that provides financial aid to families or individuals who cannot provide for themselves. Welfare helps pay for poor people’s necessities such as food, housing, and medical care. Welfare is a program that is needed in the world, because some people don’t know how to be independent and take care of themselves. Social Welfare began after the Great Depression occurred. The Great Depression caused several families to become unemployed during and following this timeRead MoreThe Issue Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients And Applicants1231 Words   |  5 Pagesexplore the pros and c ons on the issue of drug testing welfare recipients and applicants. The journals and articles used to determine whether drug testing is necessary or a hindrance to public assistance applicants, recipients and the government vary in their argument on the effects of those who receive assistance. The study, completed by Anderson, Shannon, Schyb and Goldstein (2002) determined that, due to the change in Welfare reform in 1996, the disruption of benefits increased the risk homelessnessRead MoreThe Reforms Of Public Benefits For Needy Families1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reforms of public benefits for needy families in the U.S. and specifically single mothers, which took place in August of 1996, was an important step since its inception with FDR in 1935. Many requirements were imposed onto public benefits eligibility, such as work and income requirement and establishing a time limit for public aid. Effects of the reform were hard to ignore as it resulted in decreasing governmental expen diture and heavy program caseloads. However, the big debate about public benefitsRead MoreFlat Broke with Children: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform Essay examples1127 Words   |  5 PagesChildren: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform by Sharon Hays. In the book, the author looks at the welfare reform act enacted in 1996, known as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. . She examines both the positive and negative effects that the Act has had on the poor as well as the effects it has had on society overall. In her research, she spent over 600 hours in welfare offices, speaking to caseworkers, social workers, and welfare recipients and potential recipientsRead MoreEffects of Welfare Reform on Illicit Drug Use Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen conducted to analyze the effects welfare reform has had on its intended purposes such as employment, caseloads, or familial cohesion. And while there have been a few studies that examined the correlation between women receiving welfare and drug use, the effects of reform in regards to illicit drug use, specifically women, had not been previously evaluated. As legislation passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, the intended objective was toRead MoreWelfare: The Governments Failure Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdollars into welfare but, ironically, the poverty rate is higher than when they started (Tanner, Welfare Reform). This outrageous amount of money proves that welfare will lead Unite d States into debt. The original intent of current welfare benefits has failed; therefore the national welfare system must be reformed. To fully understand how to reform the welfare system Americans must know what the history of welfare is, illegitimate births’ obvious connection to crime and welfare, how welfare has failedRead MorePoverty Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pageshigher ups have failed to address the issue correctly. One of the main policies or programs when dealing with poverty is the highly debated subject of welfare and welfare reform. Welfare is a procedure that was created in order to benefit the wellbeing of those who are less fortunate or live in poverty and cannot afford basic necessities. Welfare is a controversial topic as it is seen by some to promote laziness and non working. While on the other hand people believe that it is vital as an economicRead MoreWelfare: A Hammock to a Trampoline Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal of welfare is to help individu als afford the basic necessities of life, however, it has become apparent that throughout the generations people have become too comfortable and secure being on welfare and thus are not striving for self-sufficiency. As with all government run programs there is a budget for welfare services, and with more and more people applying for welfare and fewer returning to self-sufficiency there is simply not enough money to go around. Putting time limits on welfare is a hotRead MoreWelfare to Work: Does It Really Benefit Single Parents? Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare to Work: Does It Really Benefit Single Parents? When President Clinton signed the Personal Responsible Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in August of 1996, it ended welfare as we know it. Under this reform, wages and earnings replaced welfare, but many critics felt only problems arose from this program. Welfare to work forces poor and single parents into jobs that do not supply sufficient living wages (Albelda 1). These single parents can never work enough hours to support their families

Mehta Daryush PhD Thesis Proposal FINAL Free Essays

Dimmitt D. Delivery, PhD, University of South Carolina, whose areas of expertise are in the acoustic analysis of voice and the development of laryngeal high-speed videophones. The proposal, which is enclosed, was favorably received by the Committee, and we approved the scientific content and proposed work as being suitable for a PhD thesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Mehta Daryush PhD Thesis Proposal FINAL or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of the above members of the Committee have agreed to serve on the Thesis Committee. Sincerely, Joseph S. Propeller Thesis Committee Chair Robert E. Hillman, PhD Thesis Co-Supervisor Once: Thesis Proposal Supervisor Agreements Reader Agreement Thomas F. Squattier, Sad PhD Thesis Committee Members 1 . Joseph S. Propeller, PhD (Chair) a. Title: Senior Research Scientist, Speech Communication Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology b. Major Discipline: Sensory-motor control of speech production c. Justification: Dry. Propeller fills the role of Chair as a non-supervisor and senior researcher at MIT. Dry. Per keel offers a wide knowledge range from voice and speech production to speech acoustics and motor involvement in pathological speakers. 2. Robert. E. Hillman, PhD (Co-Supervisor) a. Title: Co-Director/Research Director, Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School; Faculty of Harvard-MIT Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology b. Major Discipline: Voice function assessment c. Justification: Dry. Hillman is co-adviser and supports the clinical aspects Of the thesis project. The proposed research calls for data collection in the voice clinic and assessment of the voice production mechanisms and acoustic characteristics of human subjects. Subjects will be selected and evaluated under Dry. Hillman supervision. 3. Thomas F. Squattier, Sad (Co-Supervisor) a. Title: Senior Member of Technical Staff, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Faculty of Harvard Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology b. Major Discipline: Speech signal processing c. Justification: Dry. Squattier is co-adviser and supports the signal processing aspects of the proposed research. Dry. Squatter’s work includes the speech signal processing using multimode analysis, and this work especially relates to the proposed research on characterizing vocal fold vibratory asymmetries from multimode sensor measurements. 4. Dimmitt D. Delivery, PhD (Reader) a. Title: Associate Professor, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina; Director, USC Voice and Speech Laboratory b. Major Discipline: Voice acoustics and laryngeal high-speed videophones c. Justification: Dry. Delivery’s areas of expertise are in the acoustic analysis of voice and laryngeal high-speed videophones. Dry. Delivery is a world-leader in the development of high-speed video camera technology for clinical voice assessment. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program proposal for Thesis Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Title: Investigating the impact of in vivo human vocal fold vibratory asymmetries: Co-variations among measures from laryngeal high-speed videophones, acoustic voice analysis, and auditory-perceptual voice assessment of sustained vowel phonated Submitted by: Darkish Meat 70 pacific street, Apt 516 Cambridge, MA 02139 Signature: Subtract: Signal Processing Date of Submission: Expected Date of Completion: November 25, 2008 July 2009 Thesis Co-supervisors: Location of Research: Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital Abstract: Voice specialists make critical diagnostic, medical, therapeutic, and surgical decisions by coupling visual observations Of vocal fold tissue motion with auditory-perceptual assessments of voice quality. The details of the relationship between vocal fold tissue motion and the acoustic voice signal are not fully understood, and there is recent evidence that the acoustic impact of visual judgments of vibratory asymmetry may be overestimated during clinical voice assessment. A series of three descriptive studies is proposed to systematically describe the co-variations among measures of vocal fold vibratory asymmetries and visual-perceptual judgments, acoustic voice properties, and therapeutically ratings. First, recent findings describing co-variations be;en subjective visual judgments and basic objective measures of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry in subjects with and without vocal pathologies will be validated with automated algorithms. After replicating these results, image-based measures will be further refined to consider additional dimensions in the left-right and anterior-posterior planes f the images. Second, it is proposed to apply the developed objective measures of asymmetry to voice data from a new subject population with vocal pathologies that will be evaluated using a state-of-the-art system for laryngeal high-speed videophones. The new system will enable the validation Of hypothesized relationships between vocal fold vibratory asymmetry measures and objective acoustic voice measures at unprecedented temporal resolution. Preliminary work has revealed mild co-variations between average values of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry and traditional acoustic perturbation assure, and new acoustic correlates of vocal fold vibratory asymmetries will be explored using knowledge of their effects on voice production. Third, an initial study is proposed to characterize the influences of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry on the auditory perception of voice quality. This study more directly addresses the clinical reality that voices are assessed by relating vocal fold tissue vibratory patterns to the voice quality of a patient during a standard examination. Voice specialists make critical diagnostic, medical, therapeutic, and surgical decisions based on coupling visual observations of vocal fold tissue motion With auditory-perceptual assessments of voice quality (Zestiest et al. , 2007). While clinical experiences indicate that this approach is generally valid, it is inherently limited to case-by-case observations, and the details of the relationship be;en vocal fold tissue action and the acoustic voice signal are not fully understood. Recent evidence indicates that visual judgments of vocal fold vibratory patterns may not adequately reflect changes in objective measures of the acoustic signal (Haven et al. , 2003). Furthermore, â€Å"[t]he anecdotal reports and stroboscopic findings of a prevalent typical amount of asymmetry cause a concern, in that it may indicate an increase in overreactions of laryngeal pathology’ (Shaw and Delivery, 2008). The overall goal of this project is to better understand the relationship between vocal fold tissue motion and the acoustic characteristics f the glottal voicing source so that clinical methods for assessing voice production can be improved. This work is made possible by recent advances in high-speed digital imaging, which provides adequate sampling for detailed intra- and inter-cycle comparisons between vocal fold tissue motion and the concomitant acoustic voice waveform. A series of three descriptive studies is proposed to systematically describe the co-variations among traditional and more advanced measures of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry and their impact on visual judgments, acoustic voice properties, and auditory-perceptual tings. First, it is proposed to replicate and improve upon recent findings describing co-variations between subjective visual judgments and basic objective measures of left-right vocal fold vibratory asymmetry in subjects with and without vocal pathologies (Bonham et al. , AAA; Bonham et al. Bibb). After validating the baseline co-variations with more automatic algorithms for computing left-right asymmetry, the image-based measures will be further developed and optimized based on the visual judgments Of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry in both the left-right and anterior-posterior dimensions. Second, the developed objective measures of asymmetry will be applied to voice data from a new subject population exhibiting vocal pathol ogies who will be evaluated using a state-of-the-art system for laryngeal high-speed videophones. The new system will allow for the validation of hypothesized relationships between vocal fold vibratory asymmetry measures and objective acoustic voice measures at unprecedented temporal resolution. Preliminary work has revealed mild cavitations between overall values of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry measures and traditional acoustic perturbation measures. Acoustic correlates of vocal fold vibratory symmetries will be explored using knowledge of their effects on voice production. Third, an initial study is proposed to characterize the influences of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry on the auditory perception of voice quality. This study more directly addresses the clinical reality that voices are assessed by relating vocal fold tissue vibratory patterns to the voice quality of a patient during a standard stroboscopic examination. 1. 2 Thesis proposal structure This thesis proposal is organized as follows. First, Section 2 outlines the three specific aims and associated hypotheses of the proposed investigation, along tit a timeline of goals. Section 3 continues with background information on voice production mechanisms and reviews relevant research studies characterizing vocal fold vibratory asymmetries and the acoustic voice signal. Section 4 introduces work that investigated the co-variations between a preliminary measure of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry and traditional acoustic perturbation measures. Section 5 follows with the research design and methods for the three studies proposed. F-anally, Section 6 concludes with information regarding the use of humans as subjects in these studies. 2 Specific Aims A series of three studies is proposed to investigate the influence of vocal fold vibratory asymmetries on the acoustic voice signal. Specific aims and associated hypotheses of these studies are detailed below. 2. 1 Aim 1: Investigate co-variations between visual judgments of vocal fold vibratory’ asymmetry and objective measures of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry in subjects with and without vocal pathologies Aim 1 proposes to validate and improve upon recent findings describing co- variations between subjective visual judgments and objective image-based measures of left-right vocal fold vibratory asymmetry in a subject population thou vocal pathologies. The recent findings have documented moderate correlations between visual-perceptual ratings and a basic objective measure of vibratory asymmetry of the left and right vocal folds (Bonham et al. , AAA). Completely automated image-based measures of asymmetry will be developed to replicate the published co-variations with visual ratings on the same data. After validating the automated algorithms for computing asymmetry measures, the image-based measures will be refined and optimized with respect to the peculiarities judgment data to improve pond the baseline co-variations in subject populations with and without vocal pathologies. It is hypothesized that the new image-based measures of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry will co-vary with visual asymmetry judgments to a higher degree than previous image-based measure because of the ability to capture and integrate more temporal and spatial information from the image data. Acoustic voice signal in subjects with vocal pathologies Aim 2 proposes to apply the developed objective measures of asymmetry to voice data collected from a new subject population with vocal pathologies hat will be evaluated using a statute-the-art system for laryngeal high-speed videophones. The system will allow the validation of hypothesized relationships between vocal fold vibratory measures and objective acoustic voice 8 measures, on an average and frame-by-frame basis. Preliminary work has revealed mild co-variations between average values of vocal fold vibratory asymmetry and traditional acoustic perturbation measures (jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio). As a result, these measures will be applied to a larger subject population and explore new acoustic correlates of vocal fold vibratory asymmetries using knowledge of voice production mechanisms. How to cite Mehta Daryush PhD Thesis Proposal FINAL, Papers

Souvenirs Porcelain and Italian Espresso Maker Essay Sample free essay sample

What are the things that you will decidedly make during a journey? Photographing. sing topographic points of involvements. holding a gustatory sensation of the local nutrient. and of class. purchasing keepsake. The touristry industry designates touristry keepsakes as commemorating ware associated with a location. frequently including geographic information and normally produced in a mode that promotes souvenir collection. Throughout the universe. souvenir trade is an of import portion of the touristry industry functioning a complex function. first to assist better the local economic system. and 2nd to let visitants to take with them a souvenir of their visit. finally to promote an chance for a return visit. or to advance the venue to other tourers as a signifier of viva-voce selling. 15 World Souvenirs 1. Bali BatiksIf you’re walking around the island of Bali. don’t be surprised if a adult female walks toward you with a heap of batik prints on her caput and tries to sell you one. If you walk into a street market. Sellerss will run their fingers along the brilliantly colored togss and name out to you. It’s difficult to get away Bali without some batiks in your baggage. but so. why would you desire to? Fabrics are dipped in liquid wax and so into colourful dyes. ensuing in unique and vivacious vesture. 2. Balinese Wood Dragon Balinese civilization is immerged in artistic tradition. Most everyone on the island has an artistic accomplishment. whether it’s making batik. playing music. dancing. forging beautiful lacing shirts or woodcarving. The Museum Puri Lukisan in Ubud. Bali. shows some of Indonesia’s finest woodcarvings. every bit good as a all right aggregation of Balinese picture. A woodcarving of a firedrake takes on particular significance. as it is considered Godhead and benevolent in Indonesian civilization. 3. Murano Glass From Venice. Italy What’s so particular about Murano glass? For starting motors. it has a rich history. All of the glassmakers were expelled from Venice in 1291 due to the hazard of fire to the city’s wooden edifices. They set up store in Murano. a set of islands north of Venice. and shortly were respected as the chief manufacturers of glass in Europe. Aventurine glass. made with bantam crystals of Cu. was invented on the island. 4. Iranian Rugs Rugs from Iran are considered the finest in the universe. Impute it to their lineage. dating from ancient Persia. and the sum of attending poured into them. Weavers may pass anyplace from a few months to a few old ages making one of these cotton. silk or wool beauties. Weavers from other states are fond of copying their elaborate designs 5. Didgeridoo Instruments From Australia The didgeridoo was developed by native autochthonal Aussies at least 1. 500 old ages ago. It is played with continuously vibrating lips and a particular external respiration technique called round external respiration. Aboriginal groups continue to utilize it as portion of their ceremonial assemblages. Traditional didgeridoos are made of Australian hardwoods such as eucalyptus. and the ideal tree has been hollowed out by white ants. Souvenir instruments may be constructed of PVC or other man-made unreal stuffs. 6. Irish Sweater The Aran Islands off the west seashore of Ireland are the place of birth of the Aran jumper. The traditional 1 is big. has outstanding overseas telegram forms and is frequently a pick colour. Once knitted by manus. most of the Irish jumpers today are machine-knit or made on a manus loom. A jumper imported from Ireland will maintain you warm whether or non you’re fishing in the stormy Atlantic or have a pint of Guinness at the local saloon. 7. Spanish Olive Oil Spain is one of the top exporters of olive oil. Olive oil. whether imported from Italy. Greece or Spain. is an of import constituent of the Mediterranean diet and a great manner to pull off your cholesterin. Unsaturated fats found in olive oil aid to increase your HDL ( good ) cholesterin while take downing your LDL ( bad ) cholesterin. 8. Mexican Pottery The creative activity of earthenware in Mexico appeared before the reaching of Columbus in the Americas. Pottery devising is now the most adept trade in Mexico. Talavera clayware is one of the more colourful manners. Genuine Talavera clayware comes merely from the metropolis of Puebla and nearby communities of Atlixco. Cholula. and Tecali. These countries have the right natural clay and a tradition of production that dates to the sixteenth century. 9. Italian Espresso Maker Coffee lovers can thank Italy for the popularity of espresso. Luigi Bezzera of Milan filed the first patent for an espresso machine in 1901. and the universe has been wired of all time since. Whether you fancy lattes. cappuccinos. macchiatos. mochas or americanos. an Italian espresso shaper can assist you acquire your day-to-day hole. 10. Day of the Dead Figurine The Day of the Dead is a vacation typically celebrated in October or November in Latin America and by Latin Americans life in the U. S. and Canada. Family and friends gather and pray for household and friends who have died. Traditions include constructing private shrines. eating â€Å"pan de muerto. † and sing Gravess with gifts and offerings of marigolds and tapers. Peoples besides celebrate with colourful Day of the Dead statuettes that make fantastic keepsakes. 11. Baltic Amber Necklace Visitors to the Baltic part frequently come place with beautiful jewellery made from the area’s mineral sedimentations. The Baltic part is obscure term. but by and large refers to the states that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea. including Denmark. Estonia. Latvia. Finland. Germany. Lithuania. Poland. Russia and Sweden. This slackly defined country is home to the largest known sedimentation of gold. which dates from 35 million to 40 million old ages ago. You could beachcomb along the Baltic Sea and still happen specimens of this fossilised tree rosin. which have been known to incorporate bantam fragments of emmets. spiders and flies. 12. Scotch Whisky A trip to northern Scotland will pay off with many chances to see whisky distilleries. By definition. Scotch whiskey must be evaporated at a Scots distillery from H2O and malted barley. must be evaporated to an alcoholic strength of less than 94. 8 per centum. and must be matured in Scotland in oak casks for no less than three old ages and a twenty-four hours. 13. Peruvian Gourds The tradition of gourd art carving day of the months back 4. 000 old ages in Peru. After calabashs are harvested. the creative person removes the outer green tegument with a dull knife. exposing the lighter brown colour underneath. The calabashs are so dried in the hot Peruvian Sun. Next. the creative person uses a pencil to chalk out a design. a carving tool called a buril to take little pieces of the calabash. and eventually. creates contrasts in a measure called pyrography. Peruvian calabashs are as if by magic transformed into baskets. birdhouses and carnal statuettes. 14. Provence Soap Provence in southeasterly France is renowned for many things. possibly most notably the glorious landscape immortalized by painters including Vincent new wave Gogh. Auguste Renoir and Claude Monet. Provence is besides known for Pastis. a traditional vino flavored with Pimpinella anisum. and Fieldss of aromatic lavender. That herb is frequently found in the celebrated Provence soap. but those bath bars besides come in other delightful spirits such as Punica granatum. green tea. patchouly. sandalwood and honey Prunus dulcis. 15. Royal Copenhagen Porcelain If you’re dining in an out-of-door eating house in Copenhagen. your salad will probably get on a gorgeous home base of bone-white and cobalt blue that will hold you raise your repast into the air to acquire a better expression at the label. It’s likely Royal Copenhagen. This porcelain shaper was founded in 1775 and continues to make dinnerware. vases. statuettes and collectable home bases. The concluding merchandises are a labour of love that have passed through up to 30 braces of custodies that have taken the porcelain clay through casting. picture. fire. glazing and wadding.